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Dynamic speech models theory, algorithms, and applications /
Table of Contents: “…-- Why modeling speech dynamics? -- Outline of the book -- A general modeling and computational framework -- Background and literature review -- Model design philosophy and overview -- Model components and the computational framework -- Modeling : from acoustic dynamics to hidden dynamics -- Statistical models for acoustic speech dynamics --Statistical models for hidden speech dynamics -- Models with discrete-valued hidden speech dynamics -- Basic model with discretized hidden dynamics -- Extension of the basic model -- Application to automatic tracking of hidden dynamics -- Models with continuous-valued hidden speech trajectories -- Overview of the hidden trajectory model -- Understanding model behavior by computer simulation -- Parameter estimation -- Application to phonetic recognition.…”
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Discriminative learning for speech recognition theory and practice /
Table of Contents: “…-- Roles of discriminative learning in speech recognition -- Background: basic probability distributions -- Background: basic optimization concepts and techniques -- Organization of the book -- Statistical speech recognition: a tutorial -- Language modeling -- Acoustic modeling and HMMs -- Discriminative learning: a unified objective function -- A unified discriminative training criterion -- MMI and its unified form -- MCE and its unified form -- Minimum phone/word error and its unified form -- Discussions and comparisons -- Discriminative learning algorithm for exponential-family distributions -- Exponential-family models for classification -- Construction of auxiliary functions -- GT learning for exponential-family distributions -- Estimation formulas for two exponential-family distributions -- Discriminative learning algorithm for hidden Markov model -- Estimation formulas for discrete HMM -- Estimation formulas for CDHMM -- Relationship with gradient-based methods -- Setting constant D for GT-based optimization -- Practical implementation of discriminative learning -- Computing Dg (i, r, t) in growth-transform formulas -- Computing Dg (i, r, t) using lattices -- Arbitrary exponent scaling in MCE implementation -- Arbitrary slope in defining MCE cost function -- Selected experimental results -- Experimental results on small ASR tasks TIDIGITS -- Telephony LV-ASR applications -- Epilogue -- Summary of book contents -- Summary of contributions -- Remaining theoretical issue and future direction.…”
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Introductory medical imaging
Table of Contents: “…Introduction -- Diagnostic x-ray imaging -- Basic principles of x-ray imaging -- Ideal description of imaging process -- Relevant physics -- Atomic structure -- Nature of x-rays -- X-ray generation -- X-ray spectra -- X-ray interactions with matter -- Attenuation -- The basics -- Variation of linear attenuation coefficient -- Beam hardening -- Image formation physics -- Film -- Modelling film characteristics -- X-ray image quality -- Broad image quality goals -- The real imaging process -- Geometrical considerations -- Quantum (photon) considerations -- Beam hardening -- Film effects -- Grouping the effects of unsharpness -- Quantitative measures of image quality -- Measures of spatial resolution -- Measures of contrast -- Dosage -- Exposure -- Absorbed dose -- KERMA -- Converting exposure to absorbed dose in air -- Dose in air vs dose in tissue -- Genetic & effective dose equivalents -- Dose and image contrast -- Dose and signal/noise ratio -- Practical issues -- The x-ray source -- Spatial distribution of x-ray photons -- Receptors -- Dosage & contrast issues -- Contrast agents -- Safety -- X-ray CT -- Planar x-rays: review -- Limitations -- Solutions to contrast and depth collapse -- Slicing Fred -- Linear projections -- Basic principle of CT -- Algebraic interpretation -- The central slice theorem -- Demonstration -- Convolution backprojection algorithm -- Backprojection -- Determining h(x) -- Scanning configurations and implementation -- Introduction -- First generation scanners -- Second generation systems -- Third generation scanners -- Fourth generation scanners -- Fifth generation scanners -- 6th generation -- Spiral reconstruction -- Image quality -- Spatial resolution -- Spatial resolution -- Physical factors in spatial resolution -- Density resolution -- CT image artefacts -- Streak & ring artefact -- Patient-related artefacts -- X-ray CT inherent -- Digital image manipulation -- Grey-scale windowing -- ROI selection -- Ultrasonics -- Basic physics -- The intensity of a planewave -- The acoustic impedance -- Propagation of HPW across acoustic interface -- Summary -- Finite aperture excitation -- The Fraunhofer approximation -- Summary -- Real acoustic media -- Attenuation -- Empirical treatment -- Ideal imaging parameters -- Axial resolution -- Lateral resolution -- Constraints -- Summary -- Pulse-echo ultrasonic imaging -- Introduction -- Applications -- Principles of operation -- Acoustic pulse generation -- Scanning geometries -- Implementation -- Linear B-mode -- Signal detection -- Image quality -- Image artefact -- Resolution -- Frame rate -- Doppler velocimetry -- Introduction -- Basic physics -- Reflection vs scattering -- Scattering of ultrasound by blood -- Doppler effect basics -- The continuous wave Doppler flowmeter -- Doppler signal demodulation -- Remarks -- Limitations of the CW flowmeter -- Attributes of the CW flowmeter -- The pulsed wave Doppler flowmeter -- Instrumentation -- Remarks -- Limitations of the pulsed Doppler velocimeter -- Rounding up -- An introduction to MRI -- Introduction -- Books and suggested reading -- Basic principles -- A brief history -- Motion within the atom -- The bare necessities of the QM description -- Classical description -- Orientation -- The net magnetisation vector -- Interacting with M -- The motion of M -- Relaxation processes -- The Bloch equations -- Significance of T1 and T2 -- T2 vs T2 -- Summary of relaxation -- Basic sequences -- Free induction decay -- Partial saturation -- Saturation recovery -- Inversion recovery sequence -- The spin echo sequence -- Contrast -- Proton density weighting -- T2 weighted -- T1 weighted -- Brain tissue contrast: example -- Summary -- Where's that echo coming from? …”
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DSP for MATLAB and LabVIEW.
Table of Contents: “…Principles of FIR design -- Overview -- In previous volumes -- In this volume -- In this chapter -- Software for use with this book -- Characteristics of FIR filters -- Effect of filter length -- Effect of windowing -- Linear phase -- Impulse response requirement -- Four basic categories of FIR impulse response for linear phase -- Zero location in linear phase filters -- Linear phase FIR frequency content and response -- Design methods -- Basic scheme -- Three design methods -- The comb and moving average filters -- FIR realization -- Direct form -- Cascade form -- Linear phase form -- Cascaded linear phase form -- Frequency sampling -- References -- Exercises -- FIR design techniques -- Overview -- Software for use with this book -- Summary of design methods -- Filter specification -- FIR design via windowed ideal lowpass filter -- Windows -- Net frequency response -- Windowed lowpass filters-passband ripple and stopband -- Attenuation -- Highpass, bandpass, and bandstop filters from lowpass filters -- Improving stopband attenuation -- Meeting design specifications -- FIR design via frequency sampling -- Using the inverse DFT -- Using cosine/sine summation formulas -- Improving stopband attenuation -- Filters other than lowpass -- Hilbert transformers -- Differentiators -- Optimized filter design -- Equiripple design -- Design goal -- Alternation theorem -- A common design problem for all linear phase filters -- Weighted error function -- Remez exchange algorithm -- References -- Exercises -- Classical IIR design -- Overview -- Laplace transform -- Definition -- Convergence -- Relation to Fourier transform -- Relation to z-transform -- Time domain response generated by poles -- General observations -- Prototype analog filters -- Notation -- System function and properties -- Computed frequency response -- General procedure for analog/digital filter design -- Analog lowpass Butterworth filters -- Design by order and cutoff frequency -- Design by standard parameters -- Lowpass analog Chebyshev type-I filters -- Design by order, cutoff frequency, and Epsilon -- Design by standard parameters -- Lowpass analog Chebyshev type-II filters -- Design by order, cutoff frequency, and Epsilon -- Design by standard parameters -- Analog lowpass elliptic filters -- Design by standard parameters -- Frequency transformations in the analog domain -- Lowpass to lowpass -- Lowpass to highpass -- Transformation via convolution -- Lowpass to bandpass -- Lowpass to bandstop (notch) -- Analog to digital filter transformation -- Impulse invariance -- The bilinear transform -- MathScript filter design functions -- Prony's method -- IIR optimization programs -- References -- Exercises -- Software for use with this book -- File types and naming conventions -- Downloading the software -- Using the software -- Single-line function calls -- Multi-line m-code examples -- How to successfully copy-and-paste M-code -- Learning To use M-code -- What you need with MATLAB and LabVIEW -- Vector/matrix operations in M-code -- Row and column vectors -- Vector products -- Inner product -- Outer product -- Product of corresponding values -- Matrix multiplied by a vector or matrix -- Matrix inverse and pseudo-inverse -- FIR frequency sampling design formulas -- Whole-cycle mode filter formulas -- Odd length, symmetric (type I) -- Even length, symmetric (type II) -- Odd length, anti-symmetric (type III) -- Even length, symmetric (type IV) -- Half-cycle mode filters -- Odd length, symmetric (type I) -- Even length, symmetric (type II) -- Odd length, anti-symmetric (type III) -- Even length, anti-symmetric (type IV).…”
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DSP for MATLAB and LabVIEW.
Table of Contents: “…The discrete time Fourier transform -- Overview -- In the previous volume -- In this volume -- In this chapter -- Software for use with this book -- Introduction to transform families -- Fourier family (constant unity-magnitude correlators) -- Laplace family (time-varying-magnitude correlators) -- The DTFT -- Inverse DTFT -- A few properties of the DTFT -- Linearity -- Conjugate symmetry for real x[n] -- Periodicity -- Shift of frequency -- Convolution -- Even and odd components -- Multiplication by a ramp -- Frequency response of an LTI system -- From impulse response -- From difference equation -- References -- Exercises -- The z-transform -- Overview -- Software for use with this book -- Definition & properties -- The z-transform -- The inverse z-transform -- Convergence criteria -- Summary of ROC facts -- Trivial poles and zeros -- Basic properties of the z-transform -- Common z-transforms -- Transfer functions, poles, and zeros -- Pole location and stability -- Conversion from z-domain to time domain -- Difference equation -- Table lookup -- Partial fraction expansion -- Contour integration in the complex plane -- Transient and steady-state responses -- Frequency response from z-transform -- For generalized transfer function -- Relation to DTFT -- Finite impulse response (FIR) -- Infinite impulse response (IIR) single pole -- Cascaded single-pole filters -- Off-unit-circle zeros and decaying signals -- Transfer function & filter topology -- Direct form -- Direct form transposed -- Cascade form -- Parallel form -- Lattice form -- References -- Exercises -- The DFT -- Overview -- Software for use with this book -- Discrete Fourier series -- Sampling in the z-domain -- From DFS to DFT -- DFT-IDFT pair -- Definition-forward transform (time to frequency) -- Definition-inverse transform (frequency to time) -- Magnitude and phase -- N, scaling constant, and DFT variants -- MathScript implementation -- A few DFT properties -- General considerations and observations -- Bin values -- Periodicity in n and k -- Frequency multiplication in time domain -- Computation of DFT via matrix -- DFT of common signals -- Frequency resolution -- Bin width and sample rate -- The FFT -- N-pt DFT from two N/2-pt DFTs -- Decimation-in-time -- Reassembly via butterfly -- Algorithm execution time -- Other algorithms -- The Goertzel algorithm -- Via single-pole -- Using complex conjugate poles -- Magnitude only output -- Linear, periodic, and circular convolution and the DFT -- Cyclic/periodic convolution -- Circular convolution -- DFT convolution theorem -- Linear convolution using the DFT -- Summary of convolution facts -- The overlap-add method -- DFT leakage -- On-bin/off-bin: DFT leakage -- Avoiding DFT leakage-windowing -- Inherent windowing by a rectangular window -- A few common window types -- DFT leakage v. window type -- Additional window use -- DTFT via padded DFT -- The inverse DFT (IDFT) -- Computation of IDFT via matrix -- IDFT via DFT -- IDFT phase descrambling -- Phase zeroing -- Phase shifting -- Equalization using the DFT -- References -- Exercises.…”
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Pragmatic circuits signals and filters /
Table of Contents: “…Spectrum: More than just rainbows -- Harmonically related sources -- "Plotting" signals -- Spectrum -- Double-sided spectra -- Example of a spectrum -- Bandwidth -- Continuous spectra -- Power spectra -- Design example -- Summary -- Fourier series: Period -- Fourier series math -- Exponential Fourier series -- Examples -- Single sinewave -- Half-wave rectified sine wave -- An important pulse train -- Filtered triangular wave -- Design example -- Summary -- Filter design: By the book -- Filter basics -- Simple low-pass active filter -- Building blocks -- Adjusting our filter -- High-pass and bandpass filters -- General designs -- Filter example -- Second-order design -- General filter design -- Cascaded first order -- Cascaded second-order design -- Butterworth design -- Chebychev design -- Design example -- Summary -- Fourier transforms: Oh, no! …”
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